If I Were a Doctor Essay Example for Free

If I Were a Doctor Essay For a sick person, a doctor is a God on earth. The very presence of doctor instills immense confidence in a patient. But, today doctors are found to be indifferent to their patients. However, we find then inhumane these days. How could patients look up to them as the incarnations of God! I feel that the general image of doctors has taken a beating in the eyes of general public the public has realized much to dismay that doctors are now only interested in minting money and have lost the real touch with the fellow human beings and the humane life. It is true that individuals have become money-spinning machines, but the doctors who once represented God should have stayed out of the melee. This has not happened vilifying the avocation as any other profession. If I were a doctor, I would try to recover the lost image of doctors, at the outset. My prime objective shall remain identifying myself with the host of patients. This could mobilize me behave humanely with them. Next, instead of keeping an eye on the amount of money spent for the treatment, I shall try to cure the patient fully without bothering how much had been paid for the service. I would also take money and lots of which from the very rich, and then treat the poor patients free. With this balancing act, I think I would be able to earn enough money to maintain my life and family and earn a sea of goodwill in return, from the appreciable mass of poor. I would earn, besides money, love, respect, and the unflinching reverence. Thus, contrary to what doctors could earn these days, about heaps of money, I would earn love and respect in such heaps. With this attitude, I am sure I could bring back the angel status of doctors.

Free Essays - First Impressions in Pride and Prejudice :: Pride Prejudice Essays

First Impressions in Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice was first titled First Impressions, and these titles embody the themes of the novel. The narrative describes how the prejudices and first impressions (especially those dealing with pride) of the main characters change throughout the novel, focusing on those of Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth's judgments about other characters' dispositions are accurate about half of the time. While she is correct about Mr. Collins and how absurdly self-serving he is and about Lady Catherine de Bourgh and how proud and snobbish she is, her first impressions of Wickham and Darcy steer her incorrectly. Wickham is first thought to be a gentleman by all. His good looks and his easy manner fool almost everyone, and Elizabeth believes without question all that he tells her of Darcy. Elizabeth's first impressions of him are contradicted when she realizes that he has lied about Darcy. Elizabeth and many of the other characters see Darcy as proud, and it can be seen from this quote just how quickly this judgment of him is formed. "The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which tuned the tide of his popularity; for he as discovered to be proud, to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend." It is not only what she believes to be pride in Darcy's character that makes her judge him harshly, but also her prejudice against him because of the lies Wickham has told her. Darcy sees this fault of prejudice in Elizabeth, stating that her defect is "willfully to misunderstand everybody." In the end Elizabeth realizes her folly in trusting her first impressions and prejudices about the men, and states, "how despicably have I acted... I, who have prided myself on my discernment! - I, who have valued myself on my abilities..." The above are only a few of the major examples of first impressions, prejudice and pride in the novel, as these themes show up throughout the story.

An Analysis of Flexible Leadership Style

An analysis of flexible leadership style Name: Shi Baoyuan Student ID: 20121367 Email: [email  protected] co. nz Word Count: 2029 Executive Summary Flexible leadership style is a vital for leaders to manage the company that a leader needs to possess this model to cope with the changeable company activities. A leader who utilizes the flexible leadership style will provide a suitable working surrounding to his (her) subordinates, and make them working in positive emotion; hence, the subordinates would provide more profits to the company.Additionally, in different situations, the leader needs to change the leadership style to fit the current circumstance. However, the benefits of the situational leadership model are obvious to the leaders; many leaders still avoid adjusting themselves to change. Analyzing this fact, habit and fear of failure are two reasons for this problem. In order to overcome the resistance of changing leadership style in managing a company, the leader should obtai n more education which could assist the leader understanding more and reduce anxiety.Furthermore, the leader can build a new habit, which is depended on the situational leadership model, to cover the old one. Table of Contents Executive Summary2 1. 0 Introduction4 2. 0 Flexible leadership style to a company5 2. 1 Different subordinates need different leadership styles5 2. 2 Different situations need different leadership styles6 2. 3 Variable leadership styles for a company7 3. 0 Resistance of changing leadership style9 3. 1 Habits9 3. 2 Fear10 4. 0 Overcome the resistance of change11 4. 1 More Education11 4. 2 Building New Habituation12 . 0 Conclusion13 6. 0 Recommendation14 References15 1. 0 Introduction Leader plays a vital role in the operation of the company. The leadership style that a leader utilizes in managing is the key to nicely operate the company. According to Hersey and Blacnchard’s situational leadership model, there are four leadership styles in leading an orga nization in different circumstances, which represents that the leader needs to adjust his (her) leadership style to certain situations. The situational leadership model brings plenty of profit to the company.In this report, some evidence will be provided to proof it. However, situational leadership model is a mature and effective model; some leaders still avoid following it. The reasons and solutions of this phenomenon will be mentioned in this report. 2. 0 Flexible leadership style to a company In the management activities, the leader should possess two basic behaviors which are task-oriented behavior and relationship behavior. Both of these two behaviors should be balanced during the company activities, which could assist the company acquiring favorable management model.However, because of the followers and the situations are different, the leader needs to change the leadership styles to handle the variable management activities. 2. 1 Different subordinates need different leadersh ip styles In a company, the subordinates are all different in ability, emotion, and other factors. In order to effectively managing the company, the leader needs to utilize appropriate leadership style to certain subordinates, because the way that the leader treating the followers directly influences the emotion of the followers.According to Graham (1999), â€Å"having a comfortable and stimulating work environment is becoming a crucial factor in getting the job done right. † Individuals working in a comfortable surrounding would reduce the probability of making mistakes. Hence, the leader needs to provide the subordinates comfortable working environments, which could effectively assist the subordinates promoting the working efficiency. Treating different staffs with suitable leadership style would make the subordinates feeling working in a comfortable surroundings, which could assist the followers keeping in active emotion. The leader’s internal, external, and relatio nal context of behavior connects with the followers; own sense of internal motivation† (Banutu & Shandra, 2007, p. 70). It represents that the subordinates can magnify their functions of roles in the company business activities by the influence from the leader. Hence, the correct leadership style choosing in leading certain subordinates is a necessary part in leading activities. Finally, the company will be profited from the result of employees’ duteous works. 2. 2 Different situations need different leadership stylesApart from the factors of the subordinates, the situations of a company always change, which the leader needs to adjust the leadership style to fitting the current circumstance. According to James (2004, p. 296), the leader should change the leadership style â€Å"that is dependent on the situation of which the leader finds him/herself in. † There are two basic elements in leadership, which are task-oriented behavior and relationship behavior. Hence, the leader needs to decide which one is more important in certain situation, the task or the relationship, and provides corresponding leadership style to control and handle the company activities.Facing different situations, the leader needs to alter different leadership styles to match the circumstances. For example, â€Å"in emergency situations, leaders do not have time to seek opinions and suggestions from followers or to use other participative styles† (Robbins & Hunsaker, 2011, p. 224). It represents that the main job of the company in such situation is to immediately complete the assignment they should finish. Hence, the leader needs to just give order to the subordinates finishing their assignments instead of asking for any suggestions and acquiring permission. . 3 Variable leadership styles for a company The operating condition of a company is related with the leadership of the leader. The leadership always occupies the vital position in resolving the result of a co mpany in a crisis; hence, in order to lead the subordinates, the leader needs to amply analyze the choosing of leadership style in certain situation (Steven, Berke, Taylor, & Jose, 2008). It represents that the choice of the leadership in different surroundings and with different subordinates is vital to a company.Once a new assignment coming, the leader needs to consider different factors; and selects a suitable leadership style to handle the assignment. In 1974, House and Mitchell illustrated the Path-Goal situation model that there are four leadership styles in managing activities to fit different situations and subordinates. Utilizing different leadership style can deal with special issue. According to Hammuda and Dulaimi (1997), utilizing different leadership style needs to fit different condition. Table 1 illustrates the Path-Goal situation model (Hammuda & Dulaimi, 1997).From this table, it clearly states that, in different situations, the selection of the suitable leadership style will bring positive effects on the outcome. Table 1: A Path-Goal situation model. 3. 0 Resistance of changing leadership style The situational leadership model is a necessary factor in leading activities; and many leaders have realized it. However, the utilization of this model is not universal. There several reasons in this issue. In this chapter, two reasons of resistance of change will be mentioned which are habits and fear of failure. 3. 1 HabitsThe person who is in the position of leader has experienced much time in managing company, which represents that the leadership style of the leader has become one of his (her) habits. It states that changing the leadership style equals breaking the habit of a person. â€Å"Breaking a habit is difficult because it takes hard work and involves giving up perceived benefits from the habit† (Robbins & Hunsaker, 2011, p. 241). A habit has become a part of individual, which means that it is difficult to change. Individuals have be en accustomed to obtain the benefits from their habits, so it is hard for them to abandon the habits.Here is an example. A man who always wears a watch on his left hand changed wearing the watch on another hand, which will make him feel that it is a heavy burden to his right hand, while he feels nothing wearing on his left hand. It illustrates that individuals dislike the uncomfortable with changing habit. For the reason that people will not prefer to undertake the uncomfortable, as a result, avoiding changing habits is universal. 3. 2 Fear Another reason that leader refuses to change is fear. Leadership style changing represents that the relationships and aims of the company will be different from the past.Before changing, the company could still continue normally working. However, leadership style changing will bring risk to the company because that no one can ensure the new style fitting the company situation. It illustrates that the changing activity might fail, which the leader dislike to suffer the pain from failure. Hence, â€Å"the best way to avoid the pain of failing is not to do anything at all† (Connelly, n. d. ). It is because of this sense; many leaders prefer to maintain the unique leadership style in managing the company in avoiding suffering risk. Furthermore, the fear of losing also makes people avoiding change.According to Robbins & Hunsaker (2011), individuals will feel fear when they are unclear about the coming change, which might make them losing their positions, status, rights or other things are belong to them. It states that people resist changing because of the fear of losing, so facing the unknown change, an involuntary of resistance sprout in individuals’ minds. 4. 0 Overcome the resistance of change Flexible leadership style is a basic element in managing company business. The profits of the flexible leadership style, as it mentioned above, are abundant.Hence, the leader needs to overcome the resistance of change, wh ich could provide positive influences in the management activities. In this chapter, some suggestions will be provided to assist these leaders overcome the resistance of changing leadership styles. 4. 1 More Education As it mentioned, some leaders avoid changing because they dislike undertaking risk; and fear of losing. In order to overcome these uncomfortable senses in changing the leadership style, it â€Å"requires a kind of leap of faith: you decide to move in the direction of the unknown on the promise that something will be better for you† (Schuler, 2003).Leaders need to clearly understand the result of the changing. Additionally, leaders need to be clear about the process of change. An effective method for achieving these purposes is to obtain more education of relative knowledge. According to Robbins and Hunsaker (2011), well-educated will reduce the anxiety of leaders because leaders can understand what will happen, which provide confidence to them to overcome the fe ar of changing. Once leaders know how to control the coming situations by changing their leadership style, and forecast the profit in future; they would not fear to change. . 2 Building New Habituation Leader resists changing the leadership style because he (she) has built it as a habit of his (her) behavior. Changing a habit is a tough work, hence leader can build another habit to modify the leadership skills and even cover the old style. â€Å"Habituation is a decrease in the strength of a naturally elicited behavior that occurs through repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus. † (Bouton, 2007) It states that an individual can build new habituation by repeating the same action.Hence, leaders who want to own the ability to flexibly change the leadership style need to continually force them to do relative activities. Additionally, it needs â€Å"a signal or event that will make you do the thing that you want to do† (PluginID, 2011). Leader can utilize this meth od to model inflexible leadership as his (her) new habit, but, as it mentioned above, before building the new habit of leadership, leader needs to comprehend the benefit, and makes confidence with the change he (she) is going to do. Finally, a new habit in leadership style controlling will be built. . 0 Conclusion A leader needs to utilize appropriate leadership style to handle the issue with different subordinates in different situations. Hence, the flexible leadership style is necessary in managing the works of a company. The benefits of this model are obvious, so the leader should utilize this model in operating activities of the company. However, there are some resistances to some leaders in altering the leadership styles; these leaders can utilize suitable methods, as it mentioned, to overcome this condition. 6. 0 RecommendationAt present, company management plays an important role in a company development. Leaders need to possess the capability in changing the leadership style to adjust the leading activity to an ideal condition. Acquiring more education and building a new habit are two reasonable selections to assist the leader obtaining the ideal leading ability. However, it is not easy to achieve the purpose; a wonderful leader should overcome these uncomfortable, and nurture the leading ability for the future self-development. References Banutu, M. B. , & Shandra, M. T. B. (2007).Leadership and organizational change in A competitive environment. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 2(2), pp. 69-90. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com Bouton, M. E. (2007). Learning and behavior: A contemporary synthesis. Retrieved from http://www. sinauer. com Connelly, M. (n. d. ). Exposing Fear of Change. Retrieved September 30, 2012, from http://www. change-management-coach. com/fear-of-change. html Graham, A. (1999, May 07). Comfortable space promotes creativity lighting and colour enhance a productive work environment. The Times – Transcript, pp. n/a. R etrieved from http://search. roquest. com Hammuda, I. M. , & Dulaimi, M. F. (1997). The effects of the situational variables on the leadership stylesin construction projects. (King's College, Cambridge, UK). Retrieved from http://buid. academia. edu James, W. (2005). The impact of corporatisation and national competition policy: An exploratory study of organisational change and leadership style. Leadership ; Organization Development Journal, 26(3), pp. 289-309. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com PluginID. (2011). The Simplest Way To Build a Habit. Retrieved from http://www. pluginid. com Robbins, S. P ; Hunsaker, P, L. (2011). Training in interpersonal skills. (6th ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Schuler, A. J. (2003) Overcoming Resistance to Change: Top Ten Reasons for Change Resistance. (Schuler Solutions, Inc. , Virginia). Retrieved from http://www. schulersolutions. com Steven, H. A. , Berke, J. , Taylor, J. , ; Jose, A. V. (2008). The role of leadership duri ng large scale organizational transitions: Lessons from six empirical studies. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 13(1), pp. 16-24. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1877 Words

Introduction People have been diagnosed with a disorder that can psychologically and mentally harm them in many ways. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an illness that can harm people mentally and physically (Mayo Clinic). Many people get this disorder because they experienced an emotionally disturbing situation (Mayo Clinic). Doctors can recognize the symptoms if a person has PTSD by diagnosing them and can treat PTSD in many different types of ways. There are historical events with PTSD about doctors realizing that PTSD is a problem and came together to figure out on how to treat PTSD. History People have been having post-traumatic stress disorder since before 490 B.C (Bentley). An Athenian soldier became blinded when he was in combat because of all the killing he seen, even though there was no harm to his body (Bentley). Today there are soldiers that become deaf, blind, and even paralyzed because they see someone being killed by their enemies (Bentley). Aristodemus was a Spartan who needed to go to battle, but he became afraid of fighting, and he committed suicide by hanging himself (Bentley). In the 1600s there was an Englishman named Samuel Pepys who wrote in his diary about the fire of London in 1666 that says that he saw the people’s faces being terrified and him not being able to help them put out the fire on so many people’s homes (Bentley). After that incident he would have flashbacks in his dreams and be both terrified and angry about the situation that heShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. 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We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipatedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesYim – Human Stress 2 December 2014 PTSD in War Veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is fairly common with individuals that have experienced trauma, especially war veterans. One in five war veterans that have done service in the Iraq or Afghanistan war are diagnosed with PTSD. My group decided to focus on PTSD in war veterans because it is still a controversial part of stressful circumstances that needs further discussion. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD amongst war

The Effects Of Smoking Ban On Employees And Passive...

Investigating the effects of Workplace Smoking Ban Contents Investigating the effects of Workplace Smoking Ban 1 Aim and Objectives 1 Literature Review / Research Background 2 Research Rationale 3 Learning Outcomes 3 Study Design 4 Type of Study 4 Type of Design 4 Data Types 4 Ethics 5 Risk 5 Required Resources 5 Research Time Frame 5 References 6 Aim and Objectives The kay aim of the research is to investigate the effects of smoking ban at work place on employees and these effects may include health effects (employees and passive smokers) and any change in employees’ behaviour and smoking habits. This research aim will achieved with the help of the following specific objectives †¢ To investigate the health effects of workplace smoking ban on employees and passive smokers at work place and home †¢ To critical analyse if workplace smoking ban encourage people to quit smoking †¢ To critically analyse if workplace smoking create any work related issues at work place †¢ To make recommendations for making workplace smoking ban successful Literature Review / Research Background Workplace smoking ban is one of the important tobacco control policy and have a very mix effects at work place. In the past few years many European countries have banned smoking at workplace. It has been started from Ireland and Netherlands in 2004. In literature there are many positive views among researchers about the workplace smoking ban. 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The state of Minnesota passed a policy in 2007 that is called the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act. The policy in Minnesota’s legislation was passed to regulate where smoking tobacco is permitted in the state. The Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act (MCIAA) was first enacted in 1975 in orderRead MoreHow Can Such a Life Threatening Issue Be Overlooked So Easily?1611 Words   |  7 Pagescigarette smoke, but not all of them are smokers. Conclusive information shows, â€Å"Since the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report, 2.5 million adults who were nonsmokers died because they breathed secondhand smoke† (â€Å"Health Effects†). These nonsmokers, who died from secondhand smoke related illnesses, were exposed to secondhand smoke throughout their lives in order for these illnesses to develop. 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To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguishRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesPrinter: Courier Corporation/Kendallville  © 2008, 2005 Duxbury, an imprint of Thomson Brooks/Cole, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Brooks/Cole are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—withoutRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesnormally considered as products and services, what is being marketed might include (a) ideas such as reducing air pollution or contributing to the red cross (b) people, such as new football coach or a political candidate and (c) places, such as industrial plant sites or a place to for a vocation. In a broad sense markets include more than the direct consumers of products services and ideas. Thus a state university’s market includes the le gislators who provide funds, the citizens living near the university

Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels - 1626 Words

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the infamous villains of capitalism, were authors who wrote The Communist Manifesto. Their theory argues that class struggles or the exploitation of one class by another will give rise to a new world order in which society as a whole will take control of their own destines. This involves the battles between the proletarians and bourgeoisie, communism and democracy, and final capitalism and socialism. However, since the times of Marx and Engel communism has been slowly dying. With the rise of capitalism and democracy has come the fall of communism and socialism. Why is that? Well when most people hear the term communism and socialism they quickly assume that it’s a system based on sharing and giving up one’s†¦show more content†¦These words are thrown out interchangeable and without any attempted at understanding the meaning of the word. Some have even gone as far as to label a state that has socialistic ideas as a communistic sta te. However, each word has a different meaning and outlook on society. Throughout ages mankind has struggled to find the best form of government. In Western society the best from of government is democracy, and to the people of the West, democracy is a blessing. However According to Aristotle and Plato the best form of government is a mixed or constitutional one (Diamond 1999, 2). â€Å"Aristotle saw that in a state of pure democracy, where the multitude have the supreme power, and supersede the law by their decrees demagogues spring up, and democracy degenerates into a form of despotism (Diamond 1999,2)†. However, as Aristotle points out ‘in a state of pure democracy’ well lucky there are no pure democracies in the world. For example in the United States, people assume that their country is a democracy but really it is a republic. The United States is not a direct democracy; it is a mixed form where people are elected to represent the majority or minority in the government. â€Å"So in simpler forms we can think of democracy as simply the rule of the people (Diamond 1999,3)†. Now what about communism? Well before we can understand

Intellectual Property Rights Copyright and Patent Free Essays

Term Paper: Intellectual Property Rights: Copyright and Patent BY Indra2002 Term Paper: Intellectual Property Rights: Copyright and Patent Copyrights and patents hold a major importance for business owners, and companies. I will discuss in detail what a copyright and patent are and the importance the two of them hold. What is Intellectual Property Rights; it refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce which leads to patents. We will write a custom essay sample on Intellectual Property Rights: Copyright and Patent or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is a patent? A patent is an exclusive right ranted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. In order to be patentable, the invention must fulfill certain conditions which are it must be new, inventive, and industrial applicable. Novelty meaning the invention must not e known before you file your application. It does not matter how, by whom or when in the world it has been made known. The invention counts as known even if it is you yourself who has used or published it. Inventive step is meant that the invention must differ significantly from what is already known. The solution must not be obvious to a person skilled in that technical area. That means new ways of combining known methods or objects are not necessarily patentable. Industrial applicability the invention must be industrially applicable. An invention is considered industrially applicable if it can be produced or utilized in any kind of industry but also other activities, such as transport, agriculture, hunting, public services and medical services. What is the purpose ot a patent? A patent provides protection tor the invention to the owner of the patent. The protection is a limited protection time, which is generally 20 years. The type of protection a patent provides is that the invention cannot be commercially made, used, distributed, or sold without the patient owners consent. These patent rights are usually enforced in a court. Why are patents necessary? Patents provide incentivizes to individuals by offering the recognition for their creativity and material reward for their marketable inventions. These incentives encourage innovations which assure that the quality of human life is continuously enhanced. You may ask what rights does a patent owner have, a owner has the right to decide who may -or may not- use the patented invention for the period in which he invention is protected. The patent owner may give permission to or, license, other parties to use the invention on mutually agreed terms. The owner may also sell the right to someone else, who will become the new owner of the patent. Once a patent expires, the protection ends, and an enters the public domain, which is when the owner no longer holds exclusive rights to the invention and becomes available to commercial exploration by others. Patents are present in every aspect of human life, from electric lighting (patents held by Edison and Swan) and plastic (patents held by Baekeland), to ballpoint pens (patents held by Biro). What Is Copyright? † What Is Copyright? N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. How is a patent granted? The first step in securing a patent is to file a patent application. The patent application generally contains the title of the invention, as well as an indication of its technical field, it must include the background and a description of the invention, in clear language and enough detail that an individual with average understanding of the field could use or reproduce the invention. Such descriptions are usually accompanied by visual materials such as drawings, plans, or iagrams to better describe the invention. The application also contains various â€Å"claims† that is, information which determines the extent of protection granted by the patent. â€Å"Copyright vs. Trademark vs. Patent. † Copyright vs. Trademark vs. Patent. N. p. , n. d. web. 18 Mar. 2013. What kinds of inventions can be protected? An invention must, in general, fulfill the following conditions to be protected by a patient must be of practical use, it must show an element of novelty, that is, some new characteristic which is not known in the body of existing knowledge in its technical field. This body of existing knowledge is called â€Å"prior art†. The invention must show an invention step which could not be deducted by a person with average knowledge of the technical field. Finally, its subject matter must be accepted as â€Å"patentable† under law in many countries, scientific theories, mathematical methods, plant or animal varieties, discoveries of natural substances, commercial methods for medical treatment (as opposed to medical products) are generally not patentable. Who grants a patent? The national patent office or regional office that works with number of countries, such as the European Patent Office and the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization. Under such regional systems, an applicant requests protection for the invention in one or more countries, and each country decides as to whether to offer patent protection within its borders. The WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) provides for the filing of a single international patent application which has the same ettect as national applications tiled in the designed countries. An applicant seeking protection may file one application and request protection in as many signatory tates as needed. â€Å"What Is Copyright? † What Is Copyright? N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. What is a copyright? A copyright is a form of protection grounded in the U. S. Constitution and granted by law for original works of authorship fixed in a medium of expression. Copyright covers both published and unpublished works. What does copyright protect? Copyright, a form of intellectual property law protects original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, such as property, novels, movies, songs, computer software, and architecture. Copyright does ot protect facts, ideas, systems, or methods of operation, although it may protect the way these things are expressed. How is a copyright different from a patent or a trademark? Copyright protects original works of authorship, while a patent protects inventions or discoveries. Ideas and discoveries are not protected by the copyright law, although the way in which they are expressed may be. A trademark protects words, phrases words, symbols, or designs identifying the source of the goods and services of one party and distinguishing them from those of others. When is my work protected? Your work is under copyright protection the moment it is created and fixed in a tangible form that it is perceptible either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. Copyright may or may not be available for titles, slogans, or logos, depending on whether they contain sufficient authorship. In most circumstances copyright does not protect names. Many people may ask why they should register their work if copyright protection is automatic. Registration is recommended for a number of reasons. Many choose to register their works because they wish to have the facts of their copyright on the public record and have a certification of egistration. Registration works may be eligible for statutory damages and attorneys fees in successful litigation. Finally, if registration occurs within 5 years of publication, it is considered â€Å"prima facie† evidence in a court of law. The United States has copyright relations with most countries throughout the world, and as a result of these agreements, we honor each other’s citizens’ copyrights. However the United States does not have such copyright relationships with every country. Many creative works protected by copyright require mass distribution, communication and inancial investment for their dissemination (for example, publications, sound recordings and films); hence, creators often sell the rights to their works to individuals or companies best able to market the works in return for payment. These payments are often made dependent on the actual use of the work, and are then referred to as royalties. I have found unlimited sources and information regarding patents and copyright, with all the information I now have a clear understanding exactly what is the differences with a title or name of a company and the steps to truly make an invention yours with ownership. How to cite Intellectual Property Rights: Copyright and Patent, Papers